They showed that standard bicarbonate is a good measure of acidosis caused by increased production or decreased elimination of organic acids. They recognised that carbonic acid converts into bicarbonate all non-volatile mineral bases not bound by mineral acids and determined therefore that bicarbonate represents the alkaline reserve of the body and should be a physiological constant. From 1914 to 1930, Van Slyke and others established our acid base principles. To establish how controversies in understanding acid base balance arose, the literature on acid base balance was reviewed from 1909, when Henderson described how the neutral reaction of blood is determined by carbonic and organic acids being in equilibrium with an excess of mineral bases over mineral acids. History of Medical Understanding and Misunderstanding of Acid Base Balance
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